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  5. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: allspice, anise, fennel-derived and related flavoring ingredients
 
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FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: allspice, anise, fennel-derived and related flavoring ingredients
File(s)
FEMA GRAS Allspice 2023.pdf (15.46 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Rietjens, Ivonne MCM
Cohen, Samuel M
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Gooderham, Nigel J
more
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The FEMA Expert Panel program to re-evaluate the safety of natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavoring ingredients in food has resulted in the publication of an updated constituent-based procedure as well as publications on the safety evaluation of many botanical-derived NFCs. This publication, ninth in the series and related to the ninth publication, describes the affirmation of the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status for NFCs with propenylhydroxybenzene and allylalkoxybenzene constituents under their conditions of intended use as flavoring ingredients added to food. The Panel's procedure applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant data on absorption, metabolism, genotoxic potential and toxicology for the NFCs themselves and their respective constituent congeneric groups. For NFCs containing allylalkoxybenzene constituent(s) with suspected genotoxic potential, the estimated intake of the individual constituent is compared to the TTC for compounds with structural alerts for genotoxicity and if exceeded, a margin of exposure is calculated using BMDL10 values derived from benchmark dose analyses using Bayesian model averaging, as presented in the tenth article of the series. Safety evaluations for NFCs derived from allspice, anise seed, star anise, sweet fennel seed and pimento leaves were conducted and their GRAS status was affirmed for use as flavoring ingredients. The scope of the safety evaluation contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food.
Date Issued
2023-04
Date Acceptance
2023-01-28
Citation
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2023, 174, pp.1-26
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/102871
URL
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691523000455?via%3Dihub
DOI
https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2023.113643
ISSN
0278-6915
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
1
End Page
26
Journal / Book Title
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume
174
Copyright Statement
© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
License URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36739890
PII: S0278-6915(23)00045-5
Subjects
Essential oils and oleoresins
GRAS
Natural flavor complex
Propenylbenzene constituents
Safety evaluation
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
England
Article Number
113643
Date Publish Online
2023-02-03
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