Statistical analysis of orientation, shape, and size of solar wind switchbacks
File(s)2010.10211v1.pdf (1.77 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
One of the main discoveries from the first two orbits of Parker Solar Probe
(PSP) was the presence of magnetic switchbacks, whose deflections dominated the
magnetic field measurements. Determining their shape and size could provide
evidence of their origin, which is still unclear. Previous work with a single
solar wind stream has indicated that these are long, thin structures although
the direction of their major axis could not be determined. We investigate if
this long, thin nature extends to other solar wind streams, while determining
the direction along which the switchbacks within a stream were aligned. We try
to understand how the size and orientation of the switchbacks, along with the
flow velocity and spacecraft trajectory, combine to produce the observed
structure durations for past and future orbits. We searched for the alignment
direction that produced a combination of a spacecraft cutting direction and
switchback duration that was most consistent with long, thin structures. The
expected form of a long, thin structure was fitted to the results of the best
alignment direction, which determined the width and aspect ratio of the
switchbacks for that stream. The switchbacks had a mean width of $50,000 \,
\rm{km}$, with an aspect ratio of the order of $10$. We find that switchbacks
are not aligned along the background flow direction, but instead aligned along
the local Parker spiral, perhaps suggesting that they propagate along the
magnetic field. Since the observed switchback duration depends on how the
spacecraft cuts through the structure, the duration alone cannot be used to
determine the size or influence of an individual event. For future PSP orbits,
a larger spacecraft transverse component combined with more radially aligned
switchbacks will lead to long duration switchbacks becoming less common.
(PSP) was the presence of magnetic switchbacks, whose deflections dominated the
magnetic field measurements. Determining their shape and size could provide
evidence of their origin, which is still unclear. Previous work with a single
solar wind stream has indicated that these are long, thin structures although
the direction of their major axis could not be determined. We investigate if
this long, thin nature extends to other solar wind streams, while determining
the direction along which the switchbacks within a stream were aligned. We try
to understand how the size and orientation of the switchbacks, along with the
flow velocity and spacecraft trajectory, combine to produce the observed
structure durations for past and future orbits. We searched for the alignment
direction that produced a combination of a spacecraft cutting direction and
switchback duration that was most consistent with long, thin structures. The
expected form of a long, thin structure was fitted to the results of the best
alignment direction, which determined the width and aspect ratio of the
switchbacks for that stream. The switchbacks had a mean width of $50,000 \,
\rm{km}$, with an aspect ratio of the order of $10$. We find that switchbacks
are not aligned along the background flow direction, but instead aligned along
the local Parker spiral, perhaps suggesting that they propagate along the
magnetic field. Since the observed switchback duration depends on how the
spacecraft cuts through the structure, the duration alone cannot be used to
determine the size or influence of an individual event. For future PSP orbits,
a larger spacecraft transverse component combined with more radially aligned
switchbacks will lead to long duration switchbacks becoming less common.
Date Issued
2021-06-02
Date Acceptance
2020-10-14
Citation
Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2021, 650, pp.1-7
ISSN
0004-6361
Publisher
EDP Sciences
Start Page
1
End Page
7
Journal / Book Title
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume
650
Copyright Statement
© ESO 2021
Sponsor
The Leverhulme Trust
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Imperial College London
Identifier
https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2021/06/aa39354-20/aa39354-20.html
Grant Number
VP2-2017-029
ST/S000364/1
Subjects
physics.space-ph
physics.space-ph
astro-ph.SR
physics.plasm-ph
0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2021-06-02