Surveillance and control of SARS-CoV-2 in mustelids: An evolutionary perspective.
File(s)
Author(s)
Díaz, Adriana V
Walker, Martin
Webster, Joanne P
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The relevance of mustelids in SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become increasingly evident. Alongside experimental demonstration of airborne transmission among ferrets, the major animal model for human respiratory diseases, transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within- and/or between-commercial mink farms has occurred and continues to occur. The number of mink reared for the luxury fur trade is approximately 60.5 million, across 36 mustelid-farming countries. By July 2021, SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks have been reported in 12 of these countries, at 412 European and 20 North American mink farms. Reverse zoonotic transmission events (from humans to mink) have introduced the virus to farms with subsequent extensive mink-to-mink transmission as well as further zoonotic (mink-to-human) transmission events generating cases among both farm workers and the broader community. Overcrowded housing conditions inherent within intensive mink farms, often combined with poor sanitation and welfare, both guarantee spread of SARS-CoV-2 and facilitate opportunities for viral variants, thereby effectively representing biotic hubs for viral transmission and evolution of virulence. Adequate preventative, surveillance and control measures within the mink industry are imperative both for the control of the current global pandemic and to mitigate against future outbreaks.
Date Issued
2021-12
Date Acceptance
2021-09-29
Citation
Evolutionary Applications: evolutionary approaches to environmental, biomedical and socio-economic issues, 2021, 14 (12), pp.2715-2725
ISSN
1752-4563
Publisher
Wiley
Start Page
2715
End Page
2725
Journal / Book Title
Evolutionary Applications: evolutionary approaches to environmental, biomedical and socio-economic issues
Volume
14
Issue
12
Copyright Statement
© 2021 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34899977
PII: EVA13310
Subjects
SARS‐CoV‐2
biotic hub
evolution of virulence
farmed mink
one health
reverse zoonoses
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
England
Date Publish Online
2021-10-24