The effect of salinity and temperature on electromagnetic wave attenuation in brine
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Ice slurries are typically formed from an aqueous solution of water and salt (NaCl) at 5% salinity. Ice pigs, used in many industry areas, are taken from a bulk ice slurry and used to clear waste or recover product from pipes. Ice fraction is a key property of an ice slurry, since it determines it's ‘thickness’ and therefore cleaning capacity. Electromagnetic wave interrogation has been shown to accurately predict an ice fraction to within an error of ±1.2%. The largest remaining process error comes from inherent salinity variation, which affects the electromagnetic wave attenuation significantly. Increasing electromagnetic wave attenuation with increasing salinity and the effect of temperature, shown to also increase attenuation, is quantified. Calibration methods are proposed, aiming to eliminate the unwanted effect of varying salinity. Analysis on multiple samples showed a 16% reduction in average error, and 9% reduction in maximum error when the calibration method was applied.
Date Issued
2015-03-01
Date Acceptance
2014-11-30
Citation
International Journal of Refrigeration, 2015, 51, pp.161-168
ISSN
0140-7007
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Start Page
161
End Page
168
Journal / Book Title
International Journal of Refrigeration
Volume
51
Copyright Statement
© 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd and IIR. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Subjects
Mechanical Engineering & Transports
09 Engineering
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2014-12-18