Fabrication of soft, stimulus-responsive structures with sub-micron resolution via two-photon polymerization of poly(ionic liquid)s
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Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Soft, stimulus-responsive 3D structures created from crosslinked poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) have been fabricated at unprecedented sub-micron resolution by direct laser writing (DLW). These structures absorb considerable quantities of solvent (e.g., water, alcohol, and acetone) to produce PIL hydrogels that exhibit stimulus-responsive behavior. Due to their flexibility and soft, responsive nature, these structures are much more akin to biological systems than the conventional, highly crosslinked, rigid structures typically produced using 2-photon polymerization (2-PP). These PIL gels expand/contract due to solvent uptake/release, and, by exploiting inherited properties of the ionic liquid monomer (ILM), thermo-responsive gels that exhibit reversible area change (30 ± 3%, n = 40) when the temperature is raised from 20 °C to 70 °C can be created. The effect is very rapid, with the response indistinguishable from the microcontroller heating rate of 7.4 °C s−1. The presence of an endoskeleton-like framework within these structures influences movement arising from expansion/contraction and assists the retention of structural integrity during actuation cycling.
Date Issued
2018-10-01
Date Acceptance
2018-08-01
Citation
Materials Today, 2018, 21 (8), pp.807-816
ISSN
1369-7021
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
Start Page
807
End Page
816
Journal / Book Title
Materials Today
Volume
21
Issue
8
Copyright Statement
© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
)
Sponsor
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Grant Number
EP/L014149/1
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Materials Science
ACTUATORS
HYDROGELS
LITHOGRAPHY
LIGHT
WATER
03 Chemical Sciences
09 Engineering
Materials
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-08-29