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  4. Distributed large-scale graph processing on FPGAs
 
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Distributed large-scale graph processing on FPGAs
File(s)
s40537-023-00756-x.pdf (3.84 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Sahebi, Amin
Barbone, Marco
Procaccini, Marco
Luk, Wayne
Gaydadjiev, Georgi
more
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Processing large-scale graphs is challenging due to the nature of the computation that causes irregular memory access patterns. Managing such irregular accesses may cause significant performance degradation on both CPUs and GPUs. Thus, recent research trends propose graph processing acceleration with Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). FPGAs are programmable hardware devices that can be fully customised to perform specific tasks in a highly parallel and efficient manner. However, FPGAs have a limited amount of on-chip memory that cannot fit the entire graph. Due to the limited device memory size, data needs to be repeatedly transferred to and from the FPGA on-chip memory, which makes data transfer time dominate over the computation time. A possible way to overcome the FPGA accelerators’ resource limitation is to engage a multi-FPGA distributed architecture and use an efficient partitioning scheme. Such a scheme aims to increase data locality and minimise communication between different partitions. This work proposes an FPGA processing engine that overlaps, hides and customises all data transfers so that the FPGA accelerator is fully utilised. This engine is integrated into a framework for using FPGA clusters and is able to use an offline partitioning method to facilitate the distribution of large-scale graphs. The proposed framework uses Hadoop at a higher level to map a graph to the underlying hardware platform. The higher layer of computation is responsible for gathering the blocks of data that have been pre-processed and stored on the host’s file system and distribute to a lower layer of computation made of FPGAs. We show how graph partitioning combined with an FPGA architecture will lead to high performance, even when the graph has Millions of vertices and Billions of edges. In the case of the PageRank algorithm, widely used for ranking the importance of nodes in a graph, compared to state-of-the-art CPU and GPU solutions, our implementation is the fastest, achieving a speedup of 13 compared to 8 and 3 respectively. Moreover, in the case of the large-scale graphs, the GPU solution fails due to memory limitations while the CPU solution achieves a speedup of 12 compared to the 26x achieved by our FPGA solution. Other state-of-the-art FPGA solutions are 28 times slower than our proposed solution. When the size of a graph limits the performance of a single FPGA device, our performance model shows that using multi-FPGAs in a distributed system can further improve the performance by about 12x. This highlights our implementation efficiency for large datasets not fitting in the on-chip memory of a hardware device.
Date Acceptance
2023-05-08
Citation
Journal of Big Data, 10 (1), pp.1-28
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/104730
URL
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40537-023-00756-x
DOI
https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40537-023-00756-x
ISSN
2196-1115
Publisher
SpringerOpen
Start Page
1
End Page
28
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Big Data
Volume
10
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits
use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original
author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third
party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or
exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
License URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40537-023-00756-x
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
95
Date Publish Online
2023-06-04
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