Full-field dual modulation fluorescence lifetime imaging on rare earth ion upconversion
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique to map molecular environments independently of fluorophore density and excitation intensity. Despite its success, FLIM can be slow for long-lived and weak fluorescence. Here, we introduce full-field dual modulation FLIM (FDM-FLIM) for imaging weak and long-lived emitters. By modulating the excitation and emission and projecting the signal directly onto a camera, FDM-FLIM extracts lifetimes without frequency-domain phase retrieval. We demonstrate this for Er/Yb upconversion nanoparticles near plasmonic nanostructures, where Purcell-enhanced emission leads to spatially varying lifetimes that are otherwise obscured by nanoparticle-density variations, indicating that FDM-FLIM is a robust and accessible approach for full-field and hyperspectral lifetime imaging.
Date Issued
2026-06-29
Date Acceptance
2026-06-05
Citation
Optics Express, 2026, 34 (13), pp.23393-23402
ISSN
1094-4087
Publisher
Optica Publishing Group
Start Page
23393
End Page
23402
Journal / Book Title
Optics Express
Volume
34
Issue
13
Copyright Statement
© 2026 Published by Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/42387696
PII: 593553
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
United States
Date Publish Online
2026-06-16