Development of the antimicrobial resistance burden score through a modified eDelphi
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance relies on fragmented indicators that fail to capture institutional AMR burden complexity. To develop the AMR Burden Score, a three-round modified eDelphi study engaged interdisciplinary experts (Round 1: n = 17, Rounds 2 and 3: n = 7), including clinicians, microbiologists, pharmacists, health economists, and public health specialists. The AMR Burden Score comprises six weighted domains: Resistance (25%), Effectiveness (30%), Monitoring (30%), Adoption (5%), Processes (5%), and Systems (5%). Strong consensus emerged for core indicators, including incidence of resistant infections (unanimous Round 3 agreement, median 8.0), pathogen-specific resistance rates (median 7.0), and staff training programmes (median 8.0). The AMR Burden Score provides a structured framework for institutional AMR assessment, though implementation requires context-specific adaptation and further validation.
Date Issued
2026-03-03
Date Acceptance
2026-01-23
Citation
npj Antimicrobials and Resistance, 2026, 4
ISSN
2731-8745
Publisher
Nature Portfolio
Journal / Book Title
npj Antimicrobials and Resistance
Volume
4
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2026. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
License URL
Identifier
10.1038/s44259-026-00184-w
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
15
Date Publish Online
2026-03-03