Association and comparison of periodontal and oral hygiene status with serum HbA1c levels: a cross-sectional study
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Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background: Diabetes Mellitus and periodontitis are chronic diseases with known reciprocal association. Studies have shown that uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk of development and progression of periodontal disease. This study aimed to explore the association and severity of periodontal clinical parameters and oral hygiene with HbA1c levels in non-diabetics and T2DM patients. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the periodontal status of 144 participants, categorized into non-diabetics, controlled T2DM, and uncontrolled T2DM and were assessed via the Community Periodontal Index (CPI), Loss of Attachment Index (LOA index), and the number of missing teeth, while oral hygiene was measured by utilizing the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S). SPSS was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to find out the association of different independent variables with HbA1c groups, while ANOVA and post-hoc tests were run for inter-group and intra-group comparison respectively. Results: Out of 144 participants, the missing dentition was prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM with mean 2.64±1.97 (95% CI 2.07 – 3.21; p = 0.01) followed by controlled T2DM 1.70±1.79 (95% CI 1.18- 2.23; p = 0.01) and non-diabetics 1.35±1.63 (95% CI 0.88 – 1.82; p = 0.01) respectively. Furthermore, non38 diabetics had a higher proportion of CPI score 0 (Healthy) [30 (20.8%); p=0.001] as compared to uncontrolled T2DM [6 (4.2%); p=0.001], while CPI score 3 was more prevalent in uncontrolled T2DM in comparison to non-diabetics. Loss of attachment (codes-2,3 and 4) was also frequently observed in uncontrolled T2DM compared to non-diabetics (p=0.001). Similarly, based on Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), the result showed that poor oral hygiene was most commonly observed in uncontrolled T2DM 29 (20.1%) followed by controlled T2DM patients 22 (15.3%) and non-diabetic [14 (9.7%); p=0.03]. Conclusion: This study showed that periodontal status and oral hygiene status deteriorated in uncontrolled T2DM patients compared to non-diabetic participants and controlled T2DM. Keywords: Periodontitis; diabetes mellitus; probe; bleeding on probing; pocket depth; loss of attachment.
Date Issued
2023-07-02
Date Acceptance
2023-06-13
Citation
BMC Oral Health, 2023, 23
ISSN
1472-6831
Publisher
BMC
Journal / Book Title
BMC Oral Health
Volume
23
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2023.This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
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Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 442