25 Years of Self-Organized Criticality: Solar and Astrophysics

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Author(s)

Aschwanden, MJ

Crosby, NB

Dimitropoulou, M

Georgoulis, MK

Hergarten, S

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Type

Journal Article

Abstract

Shortly after the seminal paper “Self-Organized Criticality: An explanation of 1/f noise” by Bak et al. (1987), the idea has been applied to solar physics, in “Avalanches and the Distribution of Solar Flares” by Lu and Hamilton (1991). In the following years, an inspiring cross-fertilization from complexity theory to solar and astrophysics took place, where the SOC concept was initially applied to solar flares, stellar flares, and magnetospheric substorms, and later extended to the radiation belt, the heliosphere, lunar craters, the asteroid belt, the Saturn ring, pulsar glitches, soft X-ray repeaters, blazars, black-hole objects, cosmic rays, and boson clouds. The application of SOC concepts has been performed by numerical cellular automaton simulations, by analytical calculations of statistical (powerlaw-like) distributions based on physical scaling laws, and by observational tests of theoretically predicted size distributions and waiting time distributions. Attempts have been undertaken to import physical models into the numerical SOC toy models, such as the discretization of magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) processes. The novel applications stimulated also vigorous debates about the discrimination between SOC models, SOC-like, and non-SOC processes, such as phase transitions, turbulence, random-walk diffusion, percolation, branching processes, network theory, chaos theory, fractality, multi-scale, and other complexity phenomena. We review SOC studies from the last 25 years and highlight new trends, open questions, and future challenges, as discussed during two recent ISSI workshops on this theme.

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Date Issued

2016-01

Date Acceptance

2014-05-30

Citation

Space Science Reviews, 2016, 198 (1-4), pp.47-166

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/29510

DOI

https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-014-0054-6

ISSN

1572-9672

Publisher

Springer Verlag (Germany)

Start Page

47

End Page

166

Journal / Book Title

Space Science Reviews

Volume

198

Issue

1-4

Copyright Statement

© The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com

License URL

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Identifier

http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000366837400004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202

Subjects

Science & Technology

Physical Sciences

Astronomy & Astrophysics

Instabilities

Methods: statistical

Sun: flare

Stars: flare

Planets and satellites: rings

Cosmic rays

X-RAY FLARES

ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS

WAITING-TIME DISTRIBUTION

CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL

POWER-LAW DISTRIBUTION

CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS

FOREST-FIRE MODEL

SPORADIC LOCALIZED RECONNECTIONS

RENORMALIZATION-GROUP ANALYSIS

REGION TRANSIENT BRIGHTENINGS

Publication Status

Published

Date Publish Online

2014-07-15