Respiratory viral infections in exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases: novel mechanisms and insights from the upper airway epithelium.
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Respiratory virus infection is one of the major sources of exacerbation of chronic airway inflammatory diseases. These exacerbations are associated with high morbidity and even mortality worldwide. The current understanding on viral-induced exacerbations is that viral infection increases airway inflammation which aggravates disease symptoms. Recent advances in in vitro air-liquid interface 3D cultures, organoid cultures and the use of novel human and animal challenge models have evoked new understandings as to the mechanisms of viral exacerbations. In this review, we will focus on recent novel findings that elucidate how respiratory viral infections alter the epithelial barrier in the airways, the upper airway microbial environment, epigenetic modifications including miRNA modulation, and other changes in immune responses throughout the upper and lower airways. First, we reviewed the prevalence of different respiratory viral infections in causing exacerbations in chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Subsequently we also summarized how recent models have expanded our appreciation of the mechanisms of viral-induced exacerbations. Further we highlighted the importance of the virome within the airway microbiome environment and its impact on subsequent bacterial infection. This review consolidates the understanding of viral induced exacerbation in chronic airway inflammatory diseases and indicates pathways that may be targeted for more effective management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
Date Issued
2020-02-25
Date Acceptance
2020-02-07
Citation
Front Cell Dev Biol, 2020, 8, pp.99-99
ISSN
2296-634X
Publisher
Frontiers
Start Page
99
End Page
99
Journal / Book Title
Front Cell Dev Biol
Volume
8
Copyright Statement
© 2020 Tan, Lim, Liu, Ong, Tan, Lim, Chung, Adcock, Chow and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32161756
Subjects
acute exacerbation
chronic airway inflammatory diseases
epithelium
respiratory virus
upper airway
Publication Status
Published online
Coverage Spatial
Switzerland
Article Number
99
Date Publish Online
2020-02-25