Conjugated polymers exhibit interesting material and optoelectronic properties that make
them well-suited to the development of biointerfaces. Their biologically relevant mechanical
characteristics, ability to be chemically modified, and mixed electronic and ionic charge
transport are captured within the diverse field of organic bioelectronics. Conjugated polymers
have been used in wide range of device architectures, and cell and tissue scaffolds. These
devices enable biosensing of many biomolecules, such as metabolites, nucleic acids and more.
Devices can be used to both stimulate and sense the behavior of cells and tissues. Similarly,
tissue interfaces permit interaction with complex organs, aiding both fundamental biological
understanding and providing new opportunities for stimulating regenerative behaviors and
bioelectronic based therapeutics. Applications of these materials are broad, and much
continues to be uncovered about their fundamental properties. This report covers the current
understanding of the fundamentals of conjugated polymer biointerfaces and their interactions
with biomolecules, cells and tissues in the human body. An overview of current materials and
devices is presented, along with highlighted major in vivo and in vitro applications. Finally,
open research questions and opportunities are discussed.