Comparison of cost-effective distance for LFAC with HVAC and HVDC in connections of offshore and remote onshore wind energy
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
For cost-effective connection of large-scale
long-distance wind energy, low frequency alternating current
(LFAC) transmission scheme (16.7 Hz or 20 Hz) has been
proposed as an alternative to the conventional high voltage
alternating current (HVAC) transmission scheme (50 Hz or 60 Hz)
and recently popular high voltage direct current (HVDC)
transmission scheme (0 Hz). The technical feasibility of LFAC
system has been demonstrated but the basis for identifying the
distance ranges for which LFAC would be preferable to HVAC
and HVDC has not been established and the dependence of this
range on factors such as power transfer rating, voltage rating and
cable/line type has not been investigated. This paper presents an
in-depth analysis for the overall cost of LFAC system and then
provides an extensive comparison with HVAC and HVDC, to
explore the distance ranges over which LFAC is cost-effective
over both HVAC and HVDC in connections of offshore and
remote onshore wind energy. The results demonstrate that LFAC
system does possess ranges in the intermediate distance for which
it is more cost-effective than both HVAC and HVDC, and its
overall cost advantage is generally larger in the overhead line
(OHL) connection of remote onshore wind energy than the cable
connection of offshore wind energy.
long-distance wind energy, low frequency alternating current
(LFAC) transmission scheme (16.7 Hz or 20 Hz) has been
proposed as an alternative to the conventional high voltage
alternating current (HVAC) transmission scheme (50 Hz or 60 Hz)
and recently popular high voltage direct current (HVDC)
transmission scheme (0 Hz). The technical feasibility of LFAC
system has been demonstrated but the basis for identifying the
distance ranges for which LFAC would be preferable to HVAC
and HVDC has not been established and the dependence of this
range on factors such as power transfer rating, voltage rating and
cable/line type has not been investigated. This paper presents an
in-depth analysis for the overall cost of LFAC system and then
provides an extensive comparison with HVAC and HVDC, to
explore the distance ranges over which LFAC is cost-effective
over both HVAC and HVDC in connections of offshore and
remote onshore wind energy. The results demonstrate that LFAC
system does possess ranges in the intermediate distance for which
it is more cost-effective than both HVAC and HVDC, and its
overall cost advantage is generally larger in the overhead line
(OHL) connection of remote onshore wind energy than the cable
connection of offshore wind energy.
Date Issued
2021-06-14
Date Acceptance
2021-04-07
Citation
CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems, 2021, 7 (5), pp.954-975
ISSN
2096-0042
Publisher
Power System Technology Press
Start Page
954
End Page
975
Journal / Book Title
CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems
Volume
7
Issue
5
Copyright Statement
© 2021 The Author(s)
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Energy & Fuels
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Engineering
Cost-effective ranges
LFAC
overall cost analysis
wind energy
FREQUENCY AC TRANSMISSION
POWER
SYSTEM
FARMS
FEASIBILITY
GENERATION
OPERATION
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2021-06-14