Energy-limited resources participation in reserve products
File(s)
Author(s)
Gallegos Garay, Pablo Ignacio
Type
Thesis or dissertation
Abstract
As power systems integrate large shares of variable renewable resources, flexibility needs arise at various recurrences, magnitudes, and durations. Historically, these flexibility needs were represented through reserve requirements with fixed durations. When energy-limited resources, such as batteries and demand response, provide reserves, failing to consider the intertemporal relationships in flexibility needs can be costly and detrimental to system reliability. To address this issue, system operators and academics have proposed enhancements to the procurement of reserves. This thesis compares, for the first time, two enhancements. First, a set of constraints, called envelopes, that captures the cumulative over time impact of reserve activation on the state of energy of a resource. Second, an energy reserve product, which has reserve requirements for every pair of chronologically ordered time intervals within a day. We simulate the two enhancements using the IEEE RTS-GMLC-2019 system. The costs are lower for simulations with energy reserves because they better integrate energy-limited resources. These cost savings come at the expense of increased dimensionality, computational time, and complexity. Further research could investigate alternative enhancements that better balance accuracy and complexity in representing the energy impact of reserve activation.
Version
Open Access
Date Issued
2025-12-02
Date Awarded
2026-06-01
Copyright Statement
Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Licence (CC BY-NC)
License URL
Advisor
Spyrou, Evangelia
Sponsor
Leverhulme Trust
Grant Number
LIP-2020-002
Publisher Department
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Publisher Institution
Imperial College London
Qualification Level
Doctoral
Qualification Name
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)