Before the building design is finalised, it needs to be
checked against regulations. Traditionally, manual
compliance checking is error-prone and time-consuming.
As a solution, automatic compliance checking (ACC) was
proposed. Many studies have focused on the crucial ACC
rule interpretation process, yet no research has
synthesised the themes and identified future research
opportunities. This paper thus aims to fill this gap by
conducting a systematic literature review and identifying
challenges facing this field. Findings revealed that the
representation development process lacks a
methodological backdrop. Understandings of rules,
representations, and relationships between them are
insufficient. Potential solutions were proposed to address
these challenges.