Transcriptomics for child and adolescent tuberculosis
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It is estimated that 70 million children (<15 years) are currently infected with Mtb, with 1.2 million each year progressing to disease. Of these, a quarter die. The risk of progression from Mtb infection to disease and from disease to death is dependent on multiple pathogen and host factors. Age is a central component in all these transitions. The natural history of TB in children and adolescents is different to adults, leading to unique challenges in the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. The quantification of RNA transcripts, encoded in the genome in specific cells or in the peripheral blood, using high-throughput methods, such as microarray analysis or RNA sequencing, are emerging technologies. RNA sequencing can shed light into the host immune response to Mtb during infection and disease, as well as understanding treatment response, disease severity and vaccination, in a global hypothesis-free manner. Additionally, gene expression profiling can be used for biomarker discovery, to diagnose disease, predict future disease progression and to monitor response to treatment. Here, we review the role of transcriptomics in children and adolescents, focussed mainly on work done in blood, to understand disease biology and to discriminate disease states to assist clinical decision-making. In recent years, studies with a specific paediatric and adolescent focus have identified blood gene expression markers with diagnostic or prognostic potential that meet or exceed the current sensitivity and specificity targets for diagnostic tools. Diagnostic and prognostic gene expression signatures identified through high-throughput methods are currently being translated into diagnostic tests.
Date Acceptance
2022-06-23
Citation
Immunological Reviews, 309 (1)
ISSN
0105-2896
Publisher
Wiley
Journal / Book Title
Immunological Reviews
Volume
309
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© 2022 The Authors. Immunological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
License URL
Sponsor
Wellcome Trust
Medical Research Foundation
European Commission
Identifier
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imr.13116
Grant Number
206508/Z/17/Z
MRF-160-0008-ELP-KAFO-C0801
643381 TBVAC2020
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Immunology
children
diagnosis
differential expression
transcriptomics
tuberculosis
CLINICAL CASE DEFINITIONS
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
GENE-EXPRESSION
INTRATHORACIC TUBERCULOSIS
TREATMENT OUTCOMES
STATISTICS NOTES
RNA EXPRESSION
YOUNG-CHILDREN
HIGH BURDEN
DISEASE
children
diagnosis
differential expression
transcriptomics
tuberculosis
Adolescent
Adult
Child
Gene Expression Profiling
Humans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RNA
Transcriptome
Tuberculosis
Humans
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Tuberculosis
RNA
Gene Expression Profiling
Adolescent
Adult
Child
Transcriptome
1107 Immunology
Immunology
Publication Status
Published