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  5. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Clove, Cinnamon leaf and West Indian bay leaf-derived flavoring ingredients
 
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FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Clove, Cinnamon leaf and West Indian bay leaf-derived flavoring ingredients
File(s)
1-s2.0-S0278691520304750-main.pdf (2.89 MB)
Published version
OA Location
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111585
Author(s)
Gooderham, Nigel J
Cohen, Samuel M
Eisenbrand, Gerhard
Fukushima, Shoji
Guengerich, F Peter
more
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association initiated the safety re-evaluation of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, 4th in a series focusing on the safety evaluation of NFCs, presents an evaluation of NFCs rich in hydroxyallylbenzene and hydroxypropenylbenzene constituents using a procedure initially published in 2005 and updated in 2018 that evaluates the safety of naturally occurring mixtures for their intended use as flavoring ingredients. The procedure requires the characterization of the chemical composition for each NFC and subsequent organization of the constituents into defined congeneric groups. The safety of each NFC is evaluated using the conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach together with studies on absorption, metabolism and toxicology of the NFC and its constituent congeneric groups. By the application of this procedure, seven NFCs, derived from clove, cinnamon leaf and West Indian bay leaf were affirmed as “generally recognized as safe (GRAS)” under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients. An eighth NFC, an oleoresin of West Indian bay leaf, was affirmed based on its estimated intake, which is below the TTC of 0.15 μg/person per day for compounds with structural alerts for genotoxicity.
Date Issued
2020-11
Date Acceptance
2020-07-04
Citation
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020, 145, pp.1-16
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/81098
URL
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691520304750?via%3Dihub
DOI
https://www.dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111585
ISSN
0278-6915
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Start Page
1
End Page
16
Journal / Book Title
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Volume
145
Copyright Statement
© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Under a Creative Commons license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
License URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Identifier
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691520304750?via%3Dihub
Subjects
GRAS
Natural Flavor Complex
Safety Evaluation
West Indian bay leaf oil and oleoresin
cinnamon leaf oil
clove essential oils, extract and oleoresin
Food Science
0908 Food Sciences
Publication Status
Published online
Article Number
111585
Date Publish Online
2020-07-21
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