Nanoscale imaging and analysis of bone pathologies
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Garcia-Giner, Victoria
Han, Zexiang
Giuliani, Finn
Porter, Alexandra E
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Understanding the properties of bone is of both fundamental and clinical relevance. The basis of bone’s quality and mechanical resilience lies in its nanoscale building blocks (i.e., mineral, collagen, non-collagenous proteins, and water) and their complex interactions across length scales. Although the structure–mechanical property relationship in healthy bone tissue is relatively well characterized, not much is known about the molecular-level origin of impaired mechanics and higher fracture risks in skeletal disorders such as osteoporosis or Paget’s disease. Alterations in the ultrastructure, chemistry, and nano-/micromechanics of bone tissue in such a diverse group of diseased states have only been briefly explored. Recent research is uncovering the effects of several non-collagenous bone matrix proteins, whose deficiencies or mutations are, to some extent, implicated in bone diseases, on bone matrix quality and mechanics. Herein, we review existing studies on ultrastructural imaging—with a focus on electron microscopy—and chemical, mechanical analysis of pathological bone tissues. The nanometric details offered by these reports, from studying knockout mice models to characterizing exact disease phenotypes, can provide key insights into various bone pathologies and facilitate the development of new treatments.
Date Issued
2021-12-17
Date Acceptance
2021-12-08
Citation
Applied Sciences-Basel, 2021, 11 (24), pp.1-32
ISSN
2076-3417
Publisher
MDPI AG
Start Page
1
End Page
32
Journal / Book Title
Applied Sciences-Basel
Volume
11
Issue
24
Copyright Statement
© 2021 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000735834200001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Technology
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Physics, Applied
Chemistry
Engineering
Materials Science
Physics
bone
pathology
osteoporosis
osteogenesis imperfecta
knockout mice
non-collagenous proteins
ultrastructure
TEM
micromechanics
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY
INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE
BIGLYCAN-DEFICIENT MICE
OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
CORTICAL BONE
STRONTIUM RANELATE
PAGETS-DISEASE
ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE
NONCOLLAGENOUS PROTEINS
PERINATAL LETHALITY
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 12033
Date Publish Online
2021-12-17