1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based targeted and untargeted metabolomics profiling of retail samples of cuachalalate (Amphipterygium adstringens)
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Herrera-Jurado, Erick Alejandro
Terán-Sánchez, Estefanía De Jesús
Serrano Contreras, Jose Ivan
Zepeda-Vallejo, L Gerardo
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Amphipterygium adstringens (cuachalalate) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional Mexican medicine for its anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, and antimicrobial properties. In this study, we applied qualitative and quantitative NMR-based metabolomics profiling, combined with multivariate statistical analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and S-plots, to evaluate the chemical composition and authenticity of A. adstringens samples collected from different commercial sources sold in Mexico City. Metabolomic profiles in organic and aqueous extracts revealed highly similar spectral patterns among all collected samples, supporting the consistency of commercially available A. adstringens in Mexico. The presence of 3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acid (3α-HMDA) and anacardic acids, biomarkers of the genus, was confirmed by 1H NMR in hexane extracts; in the aqueous extract they were not observed with the same analytical platform. These findings suggest that the traditional infusion method may not effectively extract the above-mentioned key bioactive compounds. This approach enhances quality control and ensures the reliability of A. adstringens products in the commercial market.
Date Issued
2025-05-02
Date Acceptance
2025-05-12
Citation
Molecules, 2025, 30 (10)
ISSN
1420-3049
Publisher
MDPI AG
Journal / Book Title
Molecules
Volume
30
Issue
10
Copyright Statement
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
10.3390/molecules30102185
Subjects
Amphipterygium adstringens
cuachalalate
1 H NMR
metabolomics profiling
3α-hydroxy-masticadienoic acid
anacardic acids
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
2185
Date Publish Online
2025-05-16