Associations of milk, dairy products, calcium and vitamin D intake with risk of developing Parkinson´s disease within the EPIC4ND cohort
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Literature indicates a potential association between dairy consumption and risk of Parkinson´s disease (PD), especially
among men, yet the results remain inconclusive. We investigated this association in a large prospective European cohort.
Dietary and non-dietary data was collected from 183,225 participants of the EPIC-for-Neurodegenerative-Diseases
(EPIC4ND) cohort, a sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
Crude and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine potential associations
between baseline dietary intake of dairy, calcium and vitamin D with incident PD risk. No relationship was observed
between dairy consumption (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–1.39), individual dairy products (milk: HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.73–1.23;
yogurt: HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.82–1.29; cheese: HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.85–1.51), or vitamin D (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.80–1.45)
with PD risk. However, we observed a risk-increasing association with higher calcium intakes (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00-
1.78, p for trend=0.031), which was more pronounced in men (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00-2.25, p for trend=0.044) and in
ever smokers (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06–2.53, p for trend=0.014). No compelling evidence was found for an association
between dairy products or vitamin D intake and PD risk indicating a potentially limited relevance of dairy intake in PD
risk than previously described. Our observations of a positive association between dietary calcium intake and PD risk in
men and in ever smokers require further validation.
among men, yet the results remain inconclusive. We investigated this association in a large prospective European cohort.
Dietary and non-dietary data was collected from 183,225 participants of the EPIC-for-Neurodegenerative-Diseases
(EPIC4ND) cohort, a sub-cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.
Crude and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine potential associations
between baseline dietary intake of dairy, calcium and vitamin D with incident PD risk. No relationship was observed
between dairy consumption (HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.82–1.39), individual dairy products (milk: HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.73–1.23;
yogurt: HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.82–1.29; cheese: HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.85–1.51), or vitamin D (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.80–1.45)
with PD risk. However, we observed a risk-increasing association with higher calcium intakes (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00-
1.78, p for trend=0.031), which was more pronounced in men (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.00-2.25, p for trend=0.044) and in
ever smokers (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06–2.53, p for trend=0.014). No compelling evidence was found for an association
between dairy products or vitamin D intake and PD risk indicating a potentially limited relevance of dairy intake in PD
risk than previously described. Our observations of a positive association between dietary calcium intake and PD risk in
men and in ever smokers require further validation.
Date Issued
2024-11-01
Date Acceptance
2024-11-13
Citation
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2024, 39 (11), pp.1251-1265
ISSN
0393-2990
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Start Page
1251
End Page
1265
Journal / Book Title
European Journal of Epidemiology
Volume
39
Issue
11
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2024 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
License URL
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39625618
PII: 10.1007/s10654-024-01183-9
Subjects
Calcium
Dairy
EPIC
Parkinson´s disease
Vitamin D
Humans
Male
Dairy Products
Vitamin D
Parkinson Disease
Female
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Calcium, Dietary
Aged
Animals
Milk
Risk Factors
Diet
Adult
Proportional Hazards Models
Europe
Cohort Studies
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Netherlands
Date Publish Online
2024-12-03