Comparative epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in England and the US
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Accepted version
Accepted version
Author(s)
King, A
Mullish, B
Williams, H
Aylin, PP
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether there is an epidemiological difference between Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) inpatient populations in England and the United States.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: National administrative inpatient discharge data from England (Hospital Episode Statistics) and the United States (National Inpatient Sample) in 2012.
Participants: De-identifiable non-obstetric inpatient discharges from the national datasets were used to estimate national CDI incidence in the United States and England using ICD9-CM(008.45) and ICD10(A04.7) respectively.
Main outcome measures: The rate of CDI was calculated per 100,000 population using national population estimates. Rate per 100,000 inpatient discharges was also calculated separated by primary and secondary diagnosis of CDI. Age, sex and Elixhauser comorbidities profiles were examined.
Results: The US had a higher rate of CDI compared to England: 115.1/100,000 vs. 19.3/100,000 population (p<0.001). CDI age profiles differed between the countries (p<0.001): in England, patients ≥75years constitute a larger proportion of CDI cases, whilst those aged 25-70 constitute more cases in the US(p<0.001). Overall adjusted odds of CDI in females compared to males was elevated in both England (OR1.26 95%CI[1.21,1.31] p<0.001) and the US (OR1.20 95%CI[1.18,1.22] p<0.001). The proportion of CDI patients with comorbidities was greater in the US compared to England apart from dementia, which was greater in England (9.63% vs. 1.25%,p<0.0001).
Conclusions: The 2012 inpatient CDI rate within the US was much higher than in England. Age and co-morbidity profiles also differed between CDI patients in both countries. The reasons for this are likely multi-factorial but may reflect national infection control policy.
Design: A cross-sectional study.
Setting: National administrative inpatient discharge data from England (Hospital Episode Statistics) and the United States (National Inpatient Sample) in 2012.
Participants: De-identifiable non-obstetric inpatient discharges from the national datasets were used to estimate national CDI incidence in the United States and England using ICD9-CM(008.45) and ICD10(A04.7) respectively.
Main outcome measures: The rate of CDI was calculated per 100,000 population using national population estimates. Rate per 100,000 inpatient discharges was also calculated separated by primary and secondary diagnosis of CDI. Age, sex and Elixhauser comorbidities profiles were examined.
Results: The US had a higher rate of CDI compared to England: 115.1/100,000 vs. 19.3/100,000 population (p<0.001). CDI age profiles differed between the countries (p<0.001): in England, patients ≥75years constitute a larger proportion of CDI cases, whilst those aged 25-70 constitute more cases in the US(p<0.001). Overall adjusted odds of CDI in females compared to males was elevated in both England (OR1.26 95%CI[1.21,1.31] p<0.001) and the US (OR1.20 95%CI[1.18,1.22] p<0.001). The proportion of CDI patients with comorbidities was greater in the US compared to England apart from dementia, which was greater in England (9.63% vs. 1.25%,p<0.0001).
Conclusions: The 2012 inpatient CDI rate within the US was much higher than in England. Age and co-morbidity profiles also differed between CDI patients in both countries. The reasons for this are likely multi-factorial but may reflect national infection control policy.
Date Issued
2017-09-11
Date Acceptance
2017-07-04
Citation
International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 2017, 29 (6), pp.785-791
ISSN
1353-4505
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Start Page
785
End Page
791
Journal / Book Title
International Journal for Quality in Health Care
Volume
29
Issue
6
Copyright Statement
© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press in association with the International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
Sponsor
Dr Foster Intelligence
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
National Institute for Health Research
National Institute for Health Research
Grant Number
N/A
RDPSC 79560
RDPSC 79560
HPRU-2012-10047
HPRU-2012-10047
Subjects
Clostridium difficile
comorbidity
gastrointestinal microbiome
incidence
infection control
11 Medical And Health Sciences
17 Psychology And Cognitive Sciences
Health Policy & Services
Publication Status
Published