Modelling of primary fragmentation in block caving mines using a finite-element based fracture mechanics approach
File(s)paluszny-zimmerman GGGG 2017.pdf (5.51 MB)
Published version
Author(s)
Paluszny, A
Zimmerman, RW
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The growth of fractures around an undercut of a block cave is simulated. A finite element based approach is used, in which fractures are represented as non-planar 3D surfaces that grow in response to boundary stresses and interaction. A new mesh is recreated at each step to compute the displacement field. Stress intensity factors are computed around fracture tips using a technique that computes the interaction integral over a virtual disk. Fracture geometry is updated using Paris and Schöllmann propagation laws, and a geometric fracture pattern ensues from the simulation. The growth of fractures is examined in the lower 20 m of a mine at 812 m depth. The growth of 30, 60 and 90 fractures is examined. Realistic extraction schedules for over 100 draw points control the rate of mass extraction. The effect of rock bridges as overburden stress shields is investigated. Bridges are modelled by constraining the vertical displacement of the top boundary. This case is compared to a Neumann-type overburden stress boundary condition in which the overburden is felt throughout the top of the cave. In both cases, fractures grow to form a dome shape above and around the cave during extraction. For the case of a fixed top boundary, fracture growth is observed away from the cave, while in the direct overburden stress case, fractures tend to grow close to the cave. Over-arching fractures concentric to the undercut continue to grow as the cave progresses.
Date Issued
2017-04-24
Date Acceptance
2016-12-28
Citation
Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources, 2017, 3 (2), pp.121-130
ISSN
2363-8419
Publisher
Springer
Start Page
121
End Page
130
Journal / Book Title
Geomechanics and Geophysics for Geo-Energy and Geo-Resources
Volume
3
Issue
2
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication
License URL
Sponsor
Technological Resources PTY Ltd
Commission of the European Communities
Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
Grant Number
3100429469
309067
NE/L000660/1
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Engineering, Geological
Engineering
Fracture propagation
Primary fragmentation
Caving
Finite element
Stress intensity factors
INTEGRAL METHOD
GROWTH
SOLIDS
MESHES
Publication Status
Published