Advancing the understanding of metal additive manufacturing via physical simulation and in situ transmission electron microscopy: a viewpoint
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Adomako, Nana Kwabena
Haghdadi, Nima
Primig, Sophie
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The complex microstructure evolution and heterogeneities in metal additive manufacturing (AM) continue to delay the adoption of AM parts by additional industries. Achieving uniform and superior properties in AM parts requires better fundamental understanding of the microstructural evolution. A suitable pathway to gain such understanding is via in situ techniques such as high-speed X-ray imaging, high-resolution infrared cameras, or via synchrotron and neutron diffraction. However, these methods are complex and resource intensive. Modeling may be a more economical avenue, yet, to make these models more robust and reliable, data from in situ techniques are often required. We believe that in some cases, physical simulation methods originally developed for research on conventional processing such as forging, rolling, and welding may provide similar insights. This viewpoint article discusses existing experimental methods for tracking the microstructure evolution during AM in lab-scale settings, focusing on Ni-based superalloys as a case study. The proposed physical simulation methods include the Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator, dilatometry, and the arc-melting heat treatment technique. These methods can also be integrated into various X-ray, synchrotron, and neutron diffraction set-ups. We discuss how insights derived from thermo-kinetic modeling can underpin the experimental observations from physical simulations. Last, in situ transmission electron microscopy is evaluated as a powerful method with unparalleled resolution for observing the microstructure evolution directly during simulated AM processes. We believe that these methods can be extended to other alloy systems, enhancing scientific understanding, and streamlining the efficient development of AM parts with superior and more uniform properties, promoting the more widespread adoption of AM.
Date Issued
2024-11-01
Date Acceptance
2024-10-21
Citation
Journal of Materials Science, 2024, 59 (43), pp.20221-20240
ISSN
0022-2461
Publisher
Springer
Start Page
20221
End Page
20240
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Materials Science
Volume
59
Issue
43
Copyright Statement
© 2024, The Author(s) Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
Identifier
10.1007/s10853-024-10376-2
Subjects
HEAT-AFFECTED ZONE
HIGH-TEMPERATURE
INCONEL 718
Materials Science
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
MICROSTRUCTURE EVOLUTION
NI-BASED SUPERALLOY
POWDER BED FUSION
RAPID SOLIDIFICATION
RESIDUAL-STRESS
Science & Technology
STAINLESS-STEEL
Technology
X-RAY-DIFFRACTION
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2024-11-04