Association of prior tuberculosis with cardiovascular status in perinatally HIV-1-infected adolescents
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Magodoro, Itai M
Guerrero-Chalela, Carlos Eduardo
Carkeek, Emma
Asafu-Agyei, Nana Akua
Jele, Nomawethu
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background Whether, and how, co-occurring HIV-1 infection (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) impact cardiovascular status, especially in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (APHIV), have not been examined. We hypothesised that APHIV with previous TB disease have worse cardiac efficiency than APHIV without TB, which is mediated by increased inflammation and disordered cardiometabolism.
Methods APHIV in Cape Town, South Africa, completed 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride measurement. Ventriculoarterial coupling (VAC) was estimated as the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). Regression models were applied to estimate cross-sectional associations between Ea/Ees ratio and TB status, with decomposition of these associations into direct and mediated effects of hsCRP, FPG and dyslipidaemia, if any, attempted.
Results We enrolled 43 APHIV with prior TB and 23 without TB of mean (SD) age 15.0 (1.5) and 15.4 (1.7) years, respectively. Prior TB was associated with lower Ea/Ees ratio (0.59 (0.56 to 0.64)) than no TB (0.66 (0.62 to 0.70)), which corresponded to an adjusted mean difference −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01) (p=0.048). However, previous TB was not associated with increased hsCRP, FPG, LDL or triglycerides nor were hsCRP, FPG, LDL and triglycerides associated with Ea/Ees ruling out their mediated effects in the association between TB and cardiac efficiency.
Conclusions Previous TB in APHIV is associated with comparatively reduced cardiac efficiency, related to altered VAC. The clinical significance of these findings requires further study, including a wider range of biomarkers of specific immune pathways.
Methods APHIV in Cape Town, South Africa, completed 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance examination and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride measurement. Ventriculoarterial coupling (VAC) was estimated as the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular end-systolic elastance (Ees). Regression models were applied to estimate cross-sectional associations between Ea/Ees ratio and TB status, with decomposition of these associations into direct and mediated effects of hsCRP, FPG and dyslipidaemia, if any, attempted.
Results We enrolled 43 APHIV with prior TB and 23 without TB of mean (SD) age 15.0 (1.5) and 15.4 (1.7) years, respectively. Prior TB was associated with lower Ea/Ees ratio (0.59 (0.56 to 0.64)) than no TB (0.66 (0.62 to 0.70)), which corresponded to an adjusted mean difference −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.01) (p=0.048). However, previous TB was not associated with increased hsCRP, FPG, LDL or triglycerides nor were hsCRP, FPG, LDL and triglycerides associated with Ea/Ees ruling out their mediated effects in the association between TB and cardiac efficiency.
Conclusions Previous TB in APHIV is associated with comparatively reduced cardiac efficiency, related to altered VAC. The clinical significance of these findings requires further study, including a wider range of biomarkers of specific immune pathways.
Date Issued
2024-07
Date Acceptance
2024-09-23
Citation
Open Heart, 2024, 11 (2)
ISSN
2053-3624
Publisher
BMJ Publishing Group
Journal / Book Title
Open Heart
Volume
11
Issue
2
Copyright Statement
© Author(s) (or their
employer(s)) 2024. Re-use
permitted under CC BY.
Published by BMJ.
employer(s)) 2024. Re-use
permitted under CC BY.
Published by BMJ.
License URL
Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2024-002960
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
e002960
Date Publish Online
2024-11-14