Impact of persulfate and ultraviolet light activated persulfate pre-oxidation on the formation of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes from the chlor(am)ination of three antibiotic chloramphenicols
File(s)
Accepted version
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Persulfate oxidation processes, with and without activation using ultraviolet light (respectively
UV/PS and PS) have the potential to degrade anthropogenic chemicals in water. However, little is
known about the impact of PS or UV/PS pre-oxidation on downstream formation of disinfection
by-products (DBPs). In this study the three antibiotic chloramphenicols (chloramphenicol and two
of its analogues [thiamphenicol and florfenicol], referred to collectively as CAPs), which
frequently occur in wastewater-impacted source waters used by drinking water treatment plants,
were selected as model antibiotic compounds. The formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous
disinfection by-products, including halomethanes, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes, during
chlorination and chloramination preceded by PS and UV/PS was investigated. No significant
concentrations of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes were detected during chlorination.
During chloramination chloramphenicol formed a considerable amount of dichloronitromethane
(e.g., 3.44±0.33% mol/mol at NH 2 Cl dose =1 mM) and trichloronitromethane (e.g., 0.79±0.07%
mol/mol at NH 2 Cl dose =1 mM), compared with THM and HAN formation. PS pre-oxidation
achieved a statistically significant reduction in trichloromethane formation from chlorination, and
in HAN and HNM formation from chloramination. Although UV/PS slightly increased
dichloroacetonitrile formation during chloramination, it significantly decreased
dichloronitromethane and trichloronitromethane formation during chloramination. Overall, the use
of PS and UV/PS has the potential to have contrasting impacts on DBP formation in heavily
wastewater-impacted waters, depending on the disinfection method. Hence, their application needs
to be carefully balanced against the downstream effect on DBP formation.
UV/PS and PS) have the potential to degrade anthropogenic chemicals in water. However, little is
known about the impact of PS or UV/PS pre-oxidation on downstream formation of disinfection
by-products (DBPs). In this study the three antibiotic chloramphenicols (chloramphenicol and two
of its analogues [thiamphenicol and florfenicol], referred to collectively as CAPs), which
frequently occur in wastewater-impacted source waters used by drinking water treatment plants,
were selected as model antibiotic compounds. The formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous
disinfection by-products, including halomethanes, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes, during
chlorination and chloramination preceded by PS and UV/PS was investigated. No significant
concentrations of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes were detected during chlorination.
During chloramination chloramphenicol formed a considerable amount of dichloronitromethane
(e.g., 3.44±0.33% mol/mol at NH 2 Cl dose =1 mM) and trichloronitromethane (e.g., 0.79±0.07%
mol/mol at NH 2 Cl dose =1 mM), compared with THM and HAN formation. PS pre-oxidation
achieved a statistically significant reduction in trichloromethane formation from chlorination, and
in HAN and HNM formation from chloramination. Although UV/PS slightly increased
dichloroacetonitrile formation during chloramination, it significantly decreased
dichloronitromethane and trichloronitromethane formation during chloramination. Overall, the use
of PS and UV/PS has the potential to have contrasting impacts on DBP formation in heavily
wastewater-impacted waters, depending on the disinfection method. Hence, their application needs
to be carefully balanced against the downstream effect on DBP formation.
Date Issued
2016-02-11
Date Acceptance
2016-02-09
Citation
Water Research, 2016, 93, pp.48-55
ISSN
1879-2448
Publisher
IWA Publishing
Start Page
48
End Page
55
Journal / Book Title
Water Research
Volume
93
Copyright Statement
© 2016, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Subjects
Chloramphenicols
Haloacetonitriles
Halonitromethanes
Trihalomethanes
Ultraviolet/persulfate
Environmental Engineering
MD Multidisciplinary
Publication Status
Published