Prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition using 3 scoring systems among outpatients with heart failure
Publication available at
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Objectives The authors sought to report the prevalence, clinical associations, and prognostic consequences of malnutrition in outpatients with heart failure (HF). Background Malnutrition may be common in HF and associated with adverse outcomes, but few data exist. Methods We applied the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) to consecutive patients referred with suspected HF to a clinic serving a local population (n = 550,000). Results Of 4,021 patients enrolled, HF was confirmed in 3,386 (61% men; median age: 75 years; interquartile range [IQR]: 67 to 81 years, median N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]: 1,103 ng/l [IQR: 415 to 2,631 ng/l]). Left ventricular ejection fraction was <40% in 35% of patients. Using scores for GNRI ≤91, CONUT >4, and PNI ≤38, 6.7%, 10.0%, and 7.5% patients were moderately or severely malnourished, respectively; 57% were at least mildly malnourished by at least 1 score. Worse scores were most strongly related to older age, lower body mass index, worse symptoms and renal function, atrial fibrillation, anemia, and reduced mobility. During a median follow-up of 1,573 days (IQR: 702 to 2,799 days), 1,723 (51%) patients died. For patients who were moderately or severely malnourished, 1-year mortality was 28% for CONUT, 41% for GNRI, and 36% for PNI, compared with 9% for those with mild malnutrition or normal nutritional status. A model including only age, urea, and logNT-proBNP, predicted 1-year survival (C-statistic: 0.719) and was slightly improved by adding nutritional indices (up to 0.724; p < 0.001) but not body mass index. Conclusions Malnutrition is common among outpatients with HF and is strongly related to increased mortality.
Date Issued
2018-06-01
Online Publication Date
2018-06-01
Date Acceptance
2018-02-22
ISSN
2213-1779
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
476
End Page
486
Journal / Book Title
JACC: Heart Failure
Volume
6
Issue
6
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000433428800006&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
BMI
CONUT
GNRI
heart failure
malnutrition
mortality
PNI
NUTRITIONAL RISK INDEX
OUTCOMES
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-05-09