Throughout the last three decades the global pattern of wine production has undergone fundamental change, most notably the emergence of New World producers. This study provides a detailed account of the sector’s changing global organization by applying network analysis methods to the evolution of international trade and scientific collaboration networks. We argue that there is a strong mutual interdependence of trade and scientific knowledge production, as a result of which we expect the geographical configuration of global knowledge and trade networks to co-evolve. Our results show that over time only a few New World wine producers have developed trade and scientific collaboration networks that resemble those of traditional Old World producers. We also find that structures of trade and scientific collaboration networks are more alike for Old World than for New World producers, which suggests that – contrary to our expectations – it is particularly Old World producers who may have mainly benefitted from participation in international scientific collaboration.