A novel method of frequency regulation in microgrid
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Bose, Upama
Chattopadhyay, SK
Chakraborty, C
Pal, BC
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Owing to generation and demand mismatch, the
frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF)
may become drastic at times in an islanded micro-grid. This is
due to increased penetration of non-inertial renewable energy
sources that brings down the system’s resilience to any kind of
disturbance. Therefore, efficient control algorithms are required
to mimic the inertial behavior of a conventional synchronous
machine to arrest/limit any sudden change. This work focuses
on frequency regulation of microgrid during transient condi-
tions by means of fast-responding external energy reserve. The
characteristics of a weak grid has been studied and simulated
through modeling a Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM). An
inverter model is also developed to integrate the Energy Storage
System (ESS) to the grid and a Double Second-Order Generalized
Integrator Phase Locked Loop (DSOGI-PLL) is implemented
that is capable of synchronizing the system under distorted
and unbalanced situation. A new technique to estimate the
frequency of the microgrid is reported. A simple proportional
controller based approach for different level of pulsed power
injection (using ultracapacitors and batteries) is proposed and
simulated using MATLAB. Experimental demonstration is made
using batteries only but with two different current-limits. The
controller is implemented using dSPACE1103.
frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF)
may become drastic at times in an islanded micro-grid. This is
due to increased penetration of non-inertial renewable energy
sources that brings down the system’s resilience to any kind of
disturbance. Therefore, efficient control algorithms are required
to mimic the inertial behavior of a conventional synchronous
machine to arrest/limit any sudden change. This work focuses
on frequency regulation of microgrid during transient condi-
tions by means of fast-responding external energy reserve. The
characteristics of a weak grid has been studied and simulated
through modeling a Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM). An
inverter model is also developed to integrate the Energy Storage
System (ESS) to the grid and a Double Second-Order Generalized
Integrator Phase Locked Loop (DSOGI-PLL) is implemented
that is capable of synchronizing the system under distorted
and unbalanced situation. A new technique to estimate the
frequency of the microgrid is reported. A simple proportional
controller based approach for different level of pulsed power
injection (using ultracapacitors and batteries) is proposed and
simulated using MATLAB. Experimental demonstration is made
using batteries only but with two different current-limits. The
controller is implemented using dSPACE1103.
Date Issued
2019-01
Date Acceptance
2018-08-02
Citation
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2019, 55 (1), pp.111-121
ISSN
0093-9994
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Start Page
111
End Page
121
Journal / Book Title
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Volume
55
Issue
1
Copyright Statement
© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
Sponsor
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
Identifier
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8440057
Grant Number
J15119 - PO:500174140
Subjects
Science & Technology
Technology
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Engineering
Energy Storage System (ESS)
frequency regulation
microgrid dynamics
rate of change of frequency (RoCoF)
renewable energy integration
synthetic inertia
virtual synchronous machine (VSM)
INERTIA EMULATION
POWER CONVERTERS
CONTROL STRATEGY
ENERGY-STORAGE
SUPPORT
SYSTEM
WIND
08 Information and Computing Sciences
09 Engineering
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-08-19