Air-water flows
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
High Froude-number open-channel flows can entrain significant volumes of air, a phenomenon that occurs continuously in spillways, in free-falling jets and in hydraulic jumps, or as localized events, notably at the toe of hydraulic jumps or in plunging jets. Within these flows, turbulence generates millions of bubbles and droplets as well as highly distorted wavy air–water interfaces. This phenomenon is crucial from a design perspective, as it influences the behaviour of high-velocity flows, potentially impairing the safety of dam operations. This review examines recent scientific and engineering progress, highlighting foundational studies and emerging developments. Notable advances have been achieved in the past decades through improved sampling of flows and the development of physics-based models. Current challenges are also identified for instrumentation, numerical modelling and (up)scaling that hinder the formulation of fundamental theories, which are instrumental for improving predictive models, able to offer robust support for the design of large hydraulic structures at prototype scale.
Date Issued
2024-09-04
Date Acceptance
2024-07-03
Citation
Journal of Hydraulic Research, 2024, 62 (4), pp.319-339
ISSN
0022-1686
Publisher
Taylor and Francis Group
Start Page
319
End Page
339
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Hydraulic Research
Volume
62
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or builtupon in any way. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.
Subjects
Air entrainment
bubble
BUBBLE ENTRAINMENT
dam
Engineering
Engineering, Civil
HYDRAULIC JUMPS
hydraulic structure
instrumentation
NONAERATED FLOW
NUMERICAL-SIMULATION
PHASE-DETECTION PROBES
Physical Sciences
PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS
SCALE DEPENDENCE
Science & Technology
SKIMMING FLOW
STEPPED SPILLWAYS
Technology
TURBULENT FREE-SURFACE
Water Resources
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2024-09-04