Enhanced water management using Nafion matrix mixed membranes to improve PEM fuel cell performance by the incorporation of covalent functionalized electrochemical exfoliated graphene oxide
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Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Hydrophilicity is critical in Nafion membranes during fuel cell operation as insufficient membrane hydration leads to brittle behavior and a drop in proton conductivity. The incorporation of APTS (3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane) into exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO) by covalent functionalization to be used as filler into Nafion membranes allows higher hydrophilicity for these membranes. This is associated with promoting hydroxyl, carbonyl, siloxane, silane, and amine groups within the EGO-APTS matrix. The incorporation of these materials as Fuel Cell MEAs leads to a significant reduction of the ohmic resistance measured at high frequency resistance (HFR) in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments and achieves maximum power densities of 1.33 W cm−2 at 60 °C at 100% RH (APTS-EGO, 0.2 wt%) and 1.33 W cm−2 at 60 °C at 70% RH (APTS-EGO, 0.3 wt%), which represents an improvement of 190% compared to the commercial Nafion 212 when utilizing low humidification conditions (70%). Moreover, the as-synthesized membrane utilizes lower Nafion ionomer mass, which, in conjunction with the excellent cell performance, has the potential to decrease the cost of the membrane from 87 to 80 £/W as well as a reduction of fluorinated compounds within the membrane.
Date Issued
2025-10-01
Date Acceptance
2025-05-03
Citation
Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2025, 109, pp.55-64
ISSN
2095-4956
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
55
End Page
64
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Energy Chemistry
Volume
109
Copyright Statement
© 2025 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Subjects
2D-materials
Chemistry
Chemistry, Applied
Chemistry, Physical
COMPOSITE MEMBRANES
Composite Nafion membranes
DEGRADATION
Energy & Fuels
Engineering
Engineering, Chemical
HIGH-TEMPERATURE
Humidification
Hydrophilic membranes
Ion-exchange membranes
LOW HUMIDITY
Low temperature fuel cells
NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE
Physical Sciences
POLYMER
Science & Technology
Technology
Water management
WETTABILITY
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2025-05-19