Rhinovirus-induced CCL17 and CCL22 in asthma exacerbations and differential regulation by STAT6.
File(s)Red-2020-0011OC.R2_Proof_hi.pdf (3.27 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The interplay of type-2 inflammation and anti-viral immunity underpins asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Virus infection induces type-2 inflammation-promoting chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 in asthma, however mechanisms regulating induction are poorly understood. By using a human rhinovirus (RV) challenge model in human airway epithelial cells in vitro and mice in vivo, we assessed mechanisms regulating CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Subjects with mild-to-moderate asthma and healthy volunteers were experimentally infected with RV and airway CCL17 and CCL22 protein quantified. In vitro airway epithelial cell- and mouse-RV infection models were then employed to define STAT6- and NF-κB-mediated regulation of CCL17 and CCL22 expression. Following RV infection, CCL17 and CCL22 expression was higher in asthma, which differentially correlated with clinical and immunological parameters. Air-liquid interface (ALI) differentiated primary epithelial cells from donors with asthma also expressed higher levels of RV-induced CCL22. RV infection boosted type-2 cytokine-induced STAT6 activation. In epithelial cells, type-2 cytokines and STAT6 activation had differential effects on chemokine expression: increasing CCL17 and suppressing CCL22, whereas NF-κB promoted expression of both chemokines. In mice, RV infection activated pulmonary STAT6 which was required for CCL17, but not CCL22 expression. STAT6-knockout mice infected with RV expressed increased levels of NF-kB-regulated chemokines, which was associated with rapid viral clearance. Therefore, RV-induced upregulation of CCL17 and CCL22 was mediated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression was differentially regulated by STAT6. Together, findings suggest therapeutic targeting of type-2-STAT6 activation alone will not block all inflammatory pathways during RV infection in asthma.
Date Issued
2020-12-02
Date Acceptance
2020-10-19
Citation
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 2020, 64 (3), pp.344-356
ISSN
1044-1549
Publisher
American Thoracic Society
Start Page
344
End Page
356
Journal / Book Title
American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
Volume
64
Issue
3
Copyright Statement
© 2020 by the American Thoracic Society
Sponsor
Commission of the European Communities
Asthma UK
Asthma UK
Medical Research Council (MRC)
Commission of the European Communities
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33264064
Grant Number
233015
CH11SJ
CH11SJ
G1000758
788575
Subjects
STAT6
asthma
rhinovirus
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
United States
Date Publish Online
2020-12-02