High-cycle fatigue failures of fan blade systems due to vibrational loads are of great concern in the design of aeroengines, where energy dissipation by the relative frictional motion in the dovetail joints provides the main damping to mitigate the vibrations. The performance of such a frictional damping can be enhanced by suitable coatings. However, the analysis and design of coated joint roots of gas turbine fan blades are computationally expensive due to strong contact friction nonlinearities and also complex physics involved in the dovetail. In this study, a data-driven surrogate model, known as the Nonlinear in Parameter AutoRegressive with eXegenous input (NP-ARX) model, is introduced to circumvent the difficulties in the analysis and design of fan systems. The NP-ARX model is a linear input–output model, where the model coefficients are nonlinear functions of the design parameters of interest, such that the Frequency Response Function (FRF) can be directly obtained and used in the system analysis and design. A simplified fan-bladed disc system is considered as the test case. The results show that using the data-driven surrogate model, an efficient and accurate design of aeroengine fan systems can be achieved. The approach is expected to be extended to solve the analysis and design problems of many other complex systems.