In this paper, a novel framework is proposed for deadbeat distributed Fault Detection
and Isolation (FDI) of large-scale continuous-time LTI dynamic systems. The monitored
system is composed of several subsystems which are linearly interconnected with unknown
parameterization. Each subsystem is monitored by a local diagnoser based on the measured
local output, local inputs and the interconnection variables from the neighboring subsystems.
The local FDI decision is based on two non-asymptotic state-parameter estimators using Volterra
integral operators which eliminate the effect of the unknown initial conditions so that the
estimates converge to the true value in a deadbeat manner and therefore the fault diagnosis
can be achieved in finite time. Moreover, the unknown interconnection parameters and the
unknown fault parameters are simultaneously estimated. Numerical examples are included to
show the effectiveness of the proposed FDI architecture.