Plantaris excision reduces pain in Mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy even in the absence of plantaris tendinosis
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Calder, JDF
Stephen, J
van Dijk, N
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the plantaris can contribute to symptoms in at least a subset of patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. However the nature of its involvement remains unclear.
Hypothesis / Purpose
To determine whether excised plantaris tendons from patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy display tendinopathic changes and whether the presence of such changes affect clinical outcomes.
Methods
Sixteen plantaris tendons patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy recalcitrant to conservative management underwent histological examination for the presence of tendinopathic changes. All patients had imaging to confirm the presence of the plantaris tendon adherent to or invaginated into the focal area of Achilles tendinosis. Visual analogue scores (VAS) and foot and ankle outcome scores (FAOS) were recorded pre and post-operatively.
Results
Sixteen patients (mean age 26.2; 18-47 years) underwent surgery with a mean follow-up of 14 months (range 6-20 months). The plantaris tendon was histologically normal in 13/16 cases (81%). Inflammatory changes in the loose peritendinous connective tissue surrounding the plantaris tendon were evident in all cases. There was significant improvement in mean VAS scores (p<0.05) and all domains of the FAOS post-operatively (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The absence of any tendinopathic changes in the excised plantaris of 13 patients who clinically improved suggests plantaris involvement with Achilles tendinopathy may not yet be fully understood and supports the concept that this may be a compressive or a frictional phenomenon rather than purely tendinopathic.
Clinical Relevance
There is increasing evidence to support that the excision of plantaris results in improved clinical outcomes in a sub-set of patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. Prior findings have reported that excised plantaris tendons from these patients display tendinopathic changes. However these findings suggest the role of plantaris in the pathology of these patients could be biomechanical since patients improved even when the excised plantaris was not tendinopathic.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that the plantaris can contribute to symptoms in at least a subset of patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. However the nature of its involvement remains unclear.
Hypothesis / Purpose
To determine whether excised plantaris tendons from patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy display tendinopathic changes and whether the presence of such changes affect clinical outcomes.
Methods
Sixteen plantaris tendons patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy recalcitrant to conservative management underwent histological examination for the presence of tendinopathic changes. All patients had imaging to confirm the presence of the plantaris tendon adherent to or invaginated into the focal area of Achilles tendinosis. Visual analogue scores (VAS) and foot and ankle outcome scores (FAOS) were recorded pre and post-operatively.
Results
Sixteen patients (mean age 26.2; 18-47 years) underwent surgery with a mean follow-up of 14 months (range 6-20 months). The plantaris tendon was histologically normal in 13/16 cases (81%). Inflammatory changes in the loose peritendinous connective tissue surrounding the plantaris tendon were evident in all cases. There was significant improvement in mean VAS scores (p<0.05) and all domains of the FAOS post-operatively (p<0.05).
Conclusions
The absence of any tendinopathic changes in the excised plantaris of 13 patients who clinically improved suggests plantaris involvement with Achilles tendinopathy may not yet be fully understood and supports the concept that this may be a compressive or a frictional phenomenon rather than purely tendinopathic.
Clinical Relevance
There is increasing evidence to support that the excision of plantaris results in improved clinical outcomes in a sub-set of patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. Prior findings have reported that excised plantaris tendons from these patients display tendinopathic changes. However these findings suggest the role of plantaris in the pathology of these patients could be biomechanical since patients improved even when the excised plantaris was not tendinopathic.
Date Issued
2016-12-01
Date Acceptance
2016-08-04
Citation
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016, 4 (12)
ISSN
2325-9671
Publisher
SAGE Publications (UK and US)
Journal / Book Title
Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine
Volume
4
Issue
12
Copyright Statement
© 2016 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
Subjects
Achilles tendon
histology
plantaris
surgery
tendinopathy
Publication Status
Published