Highly degradable porous melt-derived bioactive glass foam scaffolds for bone regeneration
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Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
A challenge in using bioactive melt-derived glass in bone regeneration is to produce scaffolds with interconnected pores while maintaining the amorphous nature of the glass and its associated bioactivity. Here we introduce a method for creating porous melt-derived bioactive glass foam scaffolds with low silica content and report in vitro and preliminary in vivo data. The gel-cast foaming process was adapted, employing temperature controlled gelation of gelatin, rather than the in situ acrylic polymerisation used previously. To form a 3D construct from melt derived glasses, particles must be fused via thermal processing, termed sintering. The original Bioglass® 45S5 composition crystallises upon sintering, altering its bioactivity, due to the temperature difference between the glass transition temperature and the crystallisation onset being small. Here, we optimised and compared scaffolds from three glass compositions, ICIE16, PSrBG and 13–93, which were selected due to their widened sintering windows. Amorphous scaffolds with modal pore interconnect diameters between 100–150 µm and porosities of 75% had compressive strengths of 3.4 ± 0.3 MPa, 8.4 ± 0.8 MPa and 15.3 ± 1.8 MPa, for ICIE16, PSrBG and 13–93 respectively. These porosities and compressive strength values are within the range of cancellous bone, and greater than previously reported foamed scaffolds. Dental pulp stem cells attached to the scaffold surfaces during in vitro culture and were viable. In vivo, the scaffolds were found to regenerate bone in a rabbit model according to X-ray micro tomography imaging.
Date Issued
2017-04-27
Date Acceptance
2017-04-25
Citation
Acta Biomaterialia, 2017, 57, pp.449-461
ISSN
1878-7568
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
449
End Page
461
Journal / Book Title
Acta Biomaterialia
Volume
57
Copyright Statement
© 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article underthe CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Sponsor
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (E
Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Commission of the European Communities
Grant Number
EP/I021566/1
EP/I020861/1
705592
Subjects
Bioactive glass
Bioglass
Bone regeneration
Rabbit model
Scaffold
Biomedical Engineering
MD Multidisciplinary
Publication Status
Published