Parental and individual socioeconomic position show distinct associations with trajectories of diet quality across adolescence and early adulthood
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Rousham, Oscar
Braune, Tanya
Mori, Trevor
Beilin, Lawrence
Winpenny, Eleanor
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Background:
Adolescence and early adulthood is an important period for the development of health behaviours and diet quality, which may persist through adult life. Socioeconomic position (SEP) during early adulthood shows associations with inequalities in diet quality and cardiometabolic health later in adulthood, yet little is known about how dietary inequalities develop during adolescence and early adulthood. This study aimed to identify distinct diet quality trajectories observed across adolescence and early adulthood; and explore the association between parental and individual SEP and these trajectories.
Methods:
The Raine Study is a large multigenerational cohort (n=1984) based in Western Australia. Dietary data was self-reported at five time points from ages 14 to 27 years. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify distinct diet quality trajectories based on Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the associations of parental SEP (maternal education level; and household income at age 14) and individual SEP (school leaving age) with diet quality trajectory membership.
Results:
Three diet quality trajectories were identified: consistently low quality (41%), low-to-high quality (42%), and consistently high quality (16%). The ‘low-to-high’ diet quality trajectory showed a steep increase in diet quality from ages 14 to 20 years. Higher parental SEP was associated with a higher diet quality trajectory. After adjusting for parental SEP, leaving school before year 11 remained strongly associated with the low diet quality trajectory.
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates the development of dietary inequalities across adolescence and early adulthood, highlighting the importance of emerging individual SEP, in addition to parental SEP in shaping this. Interventions to improve diet quality in early adulthood are particularly needed among those who leave education at a young age.
Adolescence and early adulthood is an important period for the development of health behaviours and diet quality, which may persist through adult life. Socioeconomic position (SEP) during early adulthood shows associations with inequalities in diet quality and cardiometabolic health later in adulthood, yet little is known about how dietary inequalities develop during adolescence and early adulthood. This study aimed to identify distinct diet quality trajectories observed across adolescence and early adulthood; and explore the association between parental and individual SEP and these trajectories.
Methods:
The Raine Study is a large multigenerational cohort (n=1984) based in Western Australia. Dietary data was self-reported at five time points from ages 14 to 27 years. Growth mixture modelling was used to identify distinct diet quality trajectories based on Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet scores. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the associations of parental SEP (maternal education level; and household income at age 14) and individual SEP (school leaving age) with diet quality trajectory membership.
Results:
Three diet quality trajectories were identified: consistently low quality (41%), low-to-high quality (42%), and consistently high quality (16%). The ‘low-to-high’ diet quality trajectory showed a steep increase in diet quality from ages 14 to 20 years. Higher parental SEP was associated with a higher diet quality trajectory. After adjusting for parental SEP, leaving school before year 11 remained strongly associated with the low diet quality trajectory.
Conclusion:
Our study demonstrates the development of dietary inequalities across adolescence and early adulthood, highlighting the importance of emerging individual SEP, in addition to parental SEP in shaping this. Interventions to improve diet quality in early adulthood are particularly needed among those who leave education at a young age.
Date Issued
2025-10-01
Date Acceptance
2025-05-29
Citation
Appetite, 2025, 214
ISSN
0195-6663
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Appetite
Volume
214
Copyright Statement
© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
10.1016/j.appet.2025.108165
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
108165
Date Publish Online
2025-06-18