Exploring impacts of water-extractable organic matter on pre-ozonation followed by nanofiltration process: Insights from pH variations on DBPs formation
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Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of pH (4-10) on the treatment of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM), and the associated disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential (FP), during the pre-ozonation/nanofiltration treatment process. At alkaline pH (9-10), a rapid decline in water flux (> 50 %) and higher membrane rejection was observed, as a consequence of the increased electrostatic repulsion forces between the membrane surface and organic species. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) modeling and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) provides detailed insights into the WEOM compositional behavior at different pH levels. Ozonation at higher pH significantly reduced the apparent molecular weight (MW) of WEOM in the 4000-7000 Da range by transforming the large MW (humic-like) substances into small hydrophilic fractions. Fluorescence components C1 (humic-like) and C2 (fulvic-like) exhibited a predominant increase/decrease in concentration for all pH conditions during pre-ozonation and nanofiltration treatment process, however, the C3 (protein-like) component was found highly associated with the reversible and irreversible membrane foulants. The ratio C1/C2 provided a strong correlation with the formation of total trihalomethanes (THMs) (R2 = 0.9277) and total haloacetic acids (HAAs) (R2 = 0.5796). The formation potential of THMs increased, and HAAs decreased, with the increase of feed water pH. Ozonation markedly reduced the formation of THMs by up to 40 % at higher pH levels, but increased the formation of brominated-HAAs by shifting the formation potential of DBPs towards brominated precursors.
Date Issued
2023-06-10
Date Acceptance
2023-03-03
Citation
Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 876
ISSN
0048-9697
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Science of the Total Environment
Volume
876
Copyright Statement
© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36898544
PII: S0048-9697(23)01311-6
Subjects
Chlorination
Haloacetic acids
Nanofiltration
Ozonation
Surface water treatment
Trihalomethanes
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Netherlands
Article Number
ARTN 162695
Date Publish Online
2023-03-08