Activation and regulation of NLR immune receptor networks
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Kourelis, Jiorgos
Adachi, Hiroaki
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Plants have many types of immune receptors that recognize diverse pathogen molecules and activate the innate immune system. The intracellular immune receptor family of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins (NLRs) perceives translocated pathogen effector proteins and executes a robust immune response, including programmed cell death. Many plant NLRs have functionally specialized to sense pathogen effectors (sensor NLRs) or to execute immune signaling (helper NLRs). Sub-functionalized NLRs form a network-type receptor system known as the NLR network. In this review, we highlight the concept of NLR networks, discussing how they are formed, activated and regulated. Two main types of NLR networks have been described in plants: the ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1/N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 network and the NLR-REQUIRED FOR CELL DEATH network. In both networks, multiple helper NLRs function as signaling hubs for sensor NLRs and cell-surface-localized immune receptors. Additionally, the networks are regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, and are also modulated by other host proteins to ensure proper network activation and prevent autoimmunity. Plant pathogens in turn have converged on suppressing NLR networks, thereby facilitating infection and disease. Understanding the NLR immune system at the network level could inform future breeding programs by highlighting the appropriate genetic combinations of immunoreceptors to use while avoiding deleterious autoimmunity and suppression by pathogens.
Date Issued
2022-10-31
Date Acceptance
2022-08-08
Citation
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2022, 63 (10), pp.1366-1377
ISSN
0032-0781
Publisher
Oxford University Press
Start Page
1366
End Page
1377
Journal / Book Title
Plant and Cell Physiology
Volume
63
Issue
10
Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. This is a pre-copy-editing, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Plant and Cell Physiology following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at: https://academic.oup.com/pcp/article/63/10/1366/6658478
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35941738
PII: 6658478
Subjects
Disease Resistance
NLR Proteins
Plant Breeding
Plant Diseases
Plant Immunity
Plant Proteins
Plants
Autoimmunity
Host–pathogen interaction
Immune receptor network
NLR integrated domain
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing protein
Pathogen effector
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Japan
Date Publish Online
2022-08-09