This study aimed to assess the economic burden of infection control measures that succeeded in eradicating multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) in emerging epidemic contexts in hospital settings. Medline, Embase and Ovid databases were systematically interrogated for original English language articles detailing costs associated with strict measures to eradicate MDROs published between 1st January 1974 and 2nd November 2014. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Overall, 13 original articles were retrieved reporting data on several MDROs including; glycopeptide resistant enterococci (n=5), carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriacae (n=1), meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n=5) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (n=2). Overall, the cost of strict measures to eradicate MDROs ranged from €285 to €57,532 per positive patient. The major component of these overall costs was related to interruption of new admissions, representing from €2,466 to €47,093 per positive patient (69% of the overall cost in mean, range: 13 - 100), followed by mean laboratory costs of €628 to €5,849 (24%, range: 3.3 - 56.7), staff reinforcement €6,204 to €148,381 (22%, range: 3.3 – 52) and contact precautions €166 to €10,438 per positive patient (18%, range: 0.7 - 43.3). Published data on the economic burden of strict measures to eradicate MDRO are limited, heterogeneous, and weakened by several methodological flaws. Novel economic studies should be performed to assess the financial impact of current policies and identify the most cost-effective strategies to eradicate emerging MDROs in healthcare facilities.