Inhaled acinetobacter lwoffii exposure promotes lung pd-l1+ neutrophils and dampens viral-induced type 2 immunity
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Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Wheeze is a common childhood respiratory symptom triggered by seasonal viral infections. Approximately 30–50% of children are diagnosed with at least one wheezing episode in the first three years of life.1 Wheezing disorders resolve in most children, but approximately 30% of children under 5 years continue to have recurrent wheezing episodes triggered by viral infections and an increased risk of developing asthma in childhood.2,3
Accumulating evidence from numerous epidemiological studies has shown the protective effect of the farming environment in reducing the risk of childhood allergies and asthma4,5. Exposure to farmyard microbes has been identified as being important in mediating this protective effect.6,7 Experimental studies have demonstrated intranasal administration of inactivated cowshed-derived bacteria strains, Lactococcus lactis, Acinetobacter lwoffii (A.lwoffii)8 or Staphyloccus sciuri9 can protect from allergen-induced airway inflammation in adult mice. We have shown protection from house dust mite (HDM)-induced airways disease in early life following inhaled, lyophilised A.lwoffii in neonatal mice.10 Epidemiological studies suggest farm environments also protect from wheezing independent of allergen sensitisation11, while children with the risk allele in the 17q21 locus, common to both viral wheeze and asthma, are protected if they are brought up on farms.12 We hypothesised that exposure to inhaled farmyard microbes would protect against viral-induced pulmonary pathology that is associated with wheezing. Using a previously established neonatal murine model of recurrent RSV infection,13 we investigated the effect of inhaled, lyophilised A.lwoffii exposure on viral-induced immune responses and the molecular mechanisms mediating immune protection.
Accumulating evidence from numerous epidemiological studies has shown the protective effect of the farming environment in reducing the risk of childhood allergies and asthma4,5. Exposure to farmyard microbes has been identified as being important in mediating this protective effect.6,7 Experimental studies have demonstrated intranasal administration of inactivated cowshed-derived bacteria strains, Lactococcus lactis, Acinetobacter lwoffii (A.lwoffii)8 or Staphyloccus sciuri9 can protect from allergen-induced airway inflammation in adult mice. We have shown protection from house dust mite (HDM)-induced airways disease in early life following inhaled, lyophilised A.lwoffii in neonatal mice.10 Epidemiological studies suggest farm environments also protect from wheezing independent of allergen sensitisation11, while children with the risk allele in the 17q21 locus, common to both viral wheeze and asthma, are protected if they are brought up on farms.12 We hypothesised that exposure to inhaled farmyard microbes would protect against viral-induced pulmonary pathology that is associated with wheezing. Using a previously established neonatal murine model of recurrent RSV infection,13 we investigated the effect of inhaled, lyophilised A.lwoffii exposure on viral-induced immune responses and the molecular mechanisms mediating immune protection.
Date Issued
2026-06-01
Date Acceptance
2026-02-24
Citation
Mucosal Immunology, 2026, 19 (3)
ISSN
1933-0219
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Journal / Book Title
Mucosal Immunology
Volume
19
Issue
3
Copyright Statement
© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Mucosal Immunology. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Publication Status
Published
Article Number
100326
Date Publish Online
2026-02-27