Sex-Specific differences in cardiovascular risk, risk factors and risk management in the peripheral arterial disease population
Author(s)
Pouncey, Anna Louise
Woodward, Mark
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in women worldwide but has been primarily recognised as a man’s disease. The major components of CVD are ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Compared with IHD or stroke, individuals with PAD are at significantly greater risk of major cardiovascular events. Despite this, they are less likely to receive preventative treatment than those with IHD. Women are at least as affected by PAD as men, but major sex-specific knowledge gaps exist in the understanding of relevant CVD risk factors and efficacy of treatment. This prompted the American Heart Association to issue a “call to action” for PAD in women, in 2012. Despite this, PAD and CVD risk in women continues to be under-recognised, leading to a loss of opportunity to moderate and prevent CVD morbidity. This review outlines current evidence regarding cardiovascular risk in women and men with PAD, the relative significance of traditional and non-traditional risk factors and sex differences in cardiovascular risk management
Date Issued
2022-04-01
Date Acceptance
2022-03-22
Citation
Diagnostics, 2022, 12 (4)
ISSN
2075-4418
Publisher
MDPI AG
Journal / Book Title
Diagnostics
Volume
12
Issue
4
Copyright Statement
© 2022 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000785286600001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Medicine, General & Internal
General & Internal Medicine
peripheral arterial disease
cardiovascular risk
sex
NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY
CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
GENDER-DIFFERENCES
NATIONAL-HEALTH
RENAL-INSUFFICIENCY
MYOCARDIAL-ISCHEMIA
CIGARETTE-SMOKING
MENTAL STRESS
GRAFT FAILURE
BREAST-CANCER
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
ARTN 808