Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small bowel and pancreas
File(s)
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The traditionally promulgated perspectives of neuroendocrine neoplasms as rare, indolent tumours are blunt and have been outdated for the last two decades. Clear increments in their incidence over the past decades render them increasingly clinically relevant, and at initial diagnosis many present with nodal and/or distant metastases (notably hepatic). The molecular pathogenesis of these tumours is increasingly yet incompletely understood. Those arising from the small bowel or pancreas typically occur sporadically; the latter may occur within the context of hereditary tumour predisposition syndromes. Neuroendocrine neoplasms can also be associated with endocrinopathy of hormonal hypersecretion. Tangible advances in the development of novel biomarkers, functional imaging modalities and therapy are especially applicable to this sub-set of tumours. The management of small bowel and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours may be challenging, and often comprises a multidisciplinary approach wherein surgical, medical, interventional radiological and radiotherapeutic modalities are implemented. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of small bowel and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Moreover, we provide an outlook of the future in these tumor types which will include the development of precision oncology frameworks for individualised therapy, multi-analyte predictive biomarkers, artificial intelligence-derived clinical decision support tools and elucidation of the role of the microbiome in neuroendocrine neoplasm development and clinical behaviour.
Date Issued
2019-09-27
Date Acceptance
2019-09-24
Citation
Neuroendocrinology: international journal for basic and clinical studies on neuroendocrine relationships, 2019, 110 (6), pp.444-476
ISSN
0028-3835
Publisher
Karger Publishers
Start Page
444
End Page
476
Journal / Book Title
Neuroendocrinology: international journal for basic and clinical studies on neuroendocrine relationships
Volume
110
Issue
6
Copyright Statement
© 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Sponsor
Dr. Heinz-Horst Deichmann Stiftung
Identifier
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31557758
PII: 000503721
Grant Number
n/a
Subjects
Neuroendocrine neoplasm
Neuroendocrine tumour
Pancreas
Small intestine
1103 Clinical Sciences
1109 Neurosciences
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publication Status
Published online
Coverage Spatial
Switzerland
Date Publish Online
2019-09-27