Understanding rapid adjustments to diverse forcing agents
File(s)Smith_et_al-2018-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf (450.73 KB)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Rapid adjustments are responses to forcing agents that cause a perturbation to the top of atmosphere energy budget but are uncoupled to changes in surface warming. Different mechanisms are responsible for these adjustments for a variety of climate drivers. These remain to be quantified in detail. It is shown that rapid adjustments reduce the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of black carbon by half of the instantaneous forcing, but for CO2 forcing, rapid adjustments increase ERF. Competing tropospheric adjustments for CO2 forcing are individually significant but sum to zero, such that the ERF equals the stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing, but this is not true for other forcing agents. Additional experiments of increase in the solar constant and increase in CH4 are used to show that a key factor of the rapid adjustment for an individual climate driver is changes in temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
Date Issued
2018-11-16
Date Acceptance
2018-10-15
Citation
Geophysical Research Letters, 2018, 45 (21), pp.12023-12031
ISSN
0094-8276
Start Page
12023
End Page
12031
Journal / Book Title
Geophysical Research Letters
Volume
45
Issue
21
Copyright Statement
©2018 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Subjects
Science & Technology
Physical Sciences
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Geology
RADIATIVE KERNEL TECHNIQUE
CLIMATE FEEDBACKS
GREENHOUSE GASES
BLACK CARBON
CLOUD
ATMOSPHERE
CONFIGURATION
AEROSOLS
PDRMIP
ECMWF
MD Multidisciplinary
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2018-11-08