The headlines
• Biodiversity has been significantly depleted by non-climatic factors, such as land-use change. Climate change will exacerbate this
loss and compromise ecosystem integrity.
• Integrated approaches will be necessary to evaluate species’ responses to climate change, which will be more complex and more
uncertain than range shifts alone.
• This paper recommends applying new perspectives to traditional conservation practices. A global and flexible approach to
biodiversity protection and resource management may be needed for successful conservation policy and planning.