Large eddy simulation of soot formation in a turbulent lifted flame with a discretized population balance and a reduced kinetic mechanism
File(s)POF24-AR-07819.pdf (1.46 MB)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
This article presents simulations of a turbulent lifted flame using the large eddy simulation-transport probability density function-discretized population balance equation approach. This approach takes into account the interaction between turbulent reacting flow and soot particle formation. A reduced chemical kinetics mechanism including a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) species linked to soot formation is generated employing the approach of the directed relation graph error propagation and is tested on a perfectly stirred reactor under varying equivalent ratio conditions and premixed flames. The soot kinetics model includes the PAH-based nucleation and surface condensation, the hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition surface growth and oxidation mechanism, and the size-dependent aggregation. The soot morphology considers the surface area and other geometrical properties for both spherical primary particles and fractal aggregates. The simulation results show, in general, reasonably good agreement with experimental measurements in terms of lifted height, flame shape, flow-field velocity, the hydroxyl radical, and soot volume fraction. A discussion of micromixing and its modeling in the context of the Interaction by Exchange with the Mean model is also presented. To investigate the effect of the soot micromixing frequency factor on soot particles, an additional simulation is conducted where this factor is reduced by a factor of 10 for the soot particles. The maximum soot volume fraction is observed to increase slightly. However, compared with the impact of kinetics on soot modeling, this effect is a minor one.
Date Issued
2024-11-01
Date Acceptance
2024-08-29
Citation
Physics of Fluids, 2024, 36 (11)
ISSN
1070-6631
Publisher
American Institute of Physics
Journal / Book Title
Physics of Fluids
Volume
36
Issue
11
Copyright Statement
© 2024 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing. This is the author’s accepted manuscript made available under a CC-BY licence in accordance with Imperial’s Research Publications Open Access policy (www.imperial.ac.uk/oa-policy)
License URL
Subjects
CHEMICAL-KINETICS
COMBUSTION
DIFFUSION FLAMES
FORMATION MODELS
JET
Mechanics
PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS
PDF METHOD
Physical Sciences
Physics
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
PROBABILITY DENSITY-FUNCTION
REACTIVITY
Science & Technology
SURFACE GROWTH
Technology
Publication Status
Published
Article Number
113323
Date Publish Online
2024-11-06