Rapid measurement of lactate in exhaled breath condensate: biosensor optimisation and in-human proof-of-concept
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
Lactate concentration is of increasing interest as a diagnostic for sepsis, septic shock, and trauma. Compared with the traditional blood sample media, the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has the advantages of non-invasiveness and higher user acceptance. An amperometric biosensor was developed and its application in EBC lactate detection was investigated in this paper. The sensor was modified with PEDOT:PSS-PB, and two different lactate oxidases (LODs). A rotating disk electrode and Koutecky–Levich analysis were applied for the kinetics analysis and gel optimization. The optimized gel formulation was then tested on disposable screen-printed sensors. The disposable sensors exhibited good performance and presented a high stability for both LOD modifications. Finally, human EBC analysis was conducted from a healthy subject at rest and after 30 min of intense aerobic cycling exercise. The sensor coulometric measurements showed good agreement with fluorometric and triple quadrupole liquid chromatography mass spectrometry reference methods. The EBC lactate concentration increased from 22.5 μM (at rest) to 28.0 μM (after 30 min of cycling) and dropped back to 5.3 μM after 60 min of rest.
Date Issued
2022-11-23
Date Acceptance
2022-11-10
Citation
ACS Sensors, 2022, 7 (12), pp.3809-3816
ISSN
2379-3694
Publisher
American Chemical Society
Start Page
3809
End Page
3816
Journal / Book Title
ACS Sensors
Volume
7
Issue
12
Copyright Statement
© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Publication Status
Published
Date Publish Online
2022-11-21