Age-related compensation: neuromusculoskeletal capacity, reserve & movement objectives
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The prevention, mitigation and treatment of movement impairments, ideally, requires early diagnosis or identification. As the human movement system has physiological and functional redundancy, movement limitations do not promptly arise at the onset of physical decline. A such, prediction of movement limitations is complex: it is unclear how much decline can be tolerated before movement limitations start. Currently, the term ‘homeostatic reserve’ or ‘physiological reserve’ is used to refer to the redundancy of the human biological system, but these terms do not describe the redundancy in the muscle architecture of the human body. The result of functional redundancy is compensation. Although compensation is an early predictor of movement limitations, clear definitions are lacking and the topic is underexposed in literature. The aim of this article is to provide a definition of compensation and emphasize its importance. Compensation is defined as an alteration in the movement trajectory and/or altering muscle recruitment to complete a movement task. Compensation for capacity is the result of a lack in neuromusculoskeletal reserve, where reserve is defined as the difference between the capacity (physiological abilities of the neuromusculoskeletal system) and the task demand. Compensation for movement objectives is a result of a shift in weighting of movement objectives, reflecting changing priorities. Studying compensation in biomechanics requires altered protocols in experimental set-ups, musculoskeletal models that are not reliant on prescribed movement, and inclusion of alternative movement objectives in optimal control theory.
Date Issued
2021-06-09
Date Acceptance
2021-03-09
Citation
Journal of Biomechanics, 2021, 122
ISSN
0021-9290
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Journal of Biomechanics
Volume
122
Copyright Statement
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
License URL
Identifier
https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000652653100005&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=a2bf6146997ec60c407a63945d4e92bb
Subjects
Biophysics
ENERGY-COST
Engineering
Engineering, Biomedical
Frailty
FRAILTY
GAIT
HEALTH
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
LOCOMOTION
Mobility impairments
Neuromusculoskeletal models
Optimal control theory
Redundancy
Rehabilitation
Science & Technology
SPEED
STRENGTH
Technology
WALKING
YOUNG
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
United States
Article Number
110385
Date Publish Online
2021-04-20