European Code against Cancer 4th Edition: Obesity, body fatness and cancer
File(s)
Published version
Author(s)
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
It is estimated that over half the population of the European Union (EU) is overweight or obese due to an imbalance between energy expenditure and energy intake; this is related to an obesogenic environment of sociocultural, economic and marketing challenges to the control of body weight. Excess body fat is associated with nine cancer sites – oesophagus, colorectum, gall bladder, pancreas, postmenopausal breast, endometrium, ovary, kidney and prostate (advanced) – and 4–38% of these cancers (depending on site and gender) can be attributed to overweight/obesity status. Metabolic alterations which accompany excess body weight are accompanied by increased levels of inflammation, insulin, oestrogens and other hormonal factors. There are some indications that intentional weight loss is associated with reduced cancer incidence (notably in postmenopausal breast and endometrial cancers). Excess body weight is also a risk factor for several other diseases, including diabetes and heart disease, and is related to higher risk of premature death.
In reviewing the current evidence related to excess body fat and cancer, the European Code against Cancer Nutrition Working Group has developed the following recommendation: ‘Take action to be a healthy body weight’.
In reviewing the current evidence related to excess body fat and cancer, the European Code against Cancer Nutrition Working Group has developed the following recommendation: ‘Take action to be a healthy body weight’.
Date Issued
2015-07-21
Date Acceptance
2015-01-11
Citation
Cancer Epidemiology, 2015, 39, pp.S34-S45
ISSN
1877-7821
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
S34
End Page
S45
Journal / Book Title
Cancer Epidemiology
Volume
39
Copyright Statement
© 2015 International Agency for Research on Cancer; Licensee ELSEVIER Ltd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/This is an Open Access article published under the CC BY NC ND 3.0 IGO license which permits users to download and share the article for non-commercial purposes, so
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long as the article is reproduced in the whole without changes, and provided the original source is properly cited. This article shall not be used or reproduced in association
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Identifier
http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000373179500004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=1ba7043ffcc86c417c072aa74d649202
Subjects
Science & Technology
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Oncology
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Obesity Body fat
Central obesity
Cancer
Weight
BMI
Primary prevention
Europe
SYMPTOMATIC GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL
PLASMA ADIPONECTIN LEVELS
SERUM C-PEPTIDE
MASS INDEX
BREAST-CANCER
COLORECTAL-CANCER
POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
DIABETES-MELLITUS
Publication Status
Published