Biomechanics of the knee
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Zamora, Dexter
Bull, Anthony
Kedgley, Angela
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
The knee is a multifaceted joint complex that must sustain loading equivalent to multiple times an individual's bodyweight while maintaining stability and permitting the large range of motion required for daily activity. Normal knee function depends on the integrated interactions between the bones' articular geometry and the surrounding soft tissues in its tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints. This article summarizes key principles of knee biomechanics, with an emphasis on functional anatomy, tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics, soft-tissue contributions to stability, and load distribution. These principles highlight the coupled motions, passive and active restraints and joint loading that occur during knee flexion and extension. Their clinical relevance is illustrated through common knee pathologies that can be described as disruptions to these biomechanical functions. A clear understanding of knee biomechanics provides an important framework for interpreting common disorders and for informing their clinical management.
Date Issued
2026-07-10
Date Acceptance
2026-05-25
Citation
Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2026
ISSN
1877-1327
Publisher
Elsevier
Journal / Book Title
Orthopaedics and Trauma
Copyright Statement
© 2026 Elsevier Ltd. This is the author’s accepted manuscript made available under a CC-BY licence in accordance with Imperial’s Research Publications Open Access policy (www.imperial.ac.uk/oa-policy)
License URL
Publication Status
Published online
Date Publish Online
2026-07-10