In vitro effects of water-pipe smoke condensate on the endocytic activity of Type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549) with bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
File(s)
Accepted version
Author(s)
Adcock, IM
Mortaz, E
Alipoor, SD
Garssen, J
Akbar Velayati, A
Type
Journal Article
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and poses immense threats to many populations. The association between tobacco smoke and TB has already been studied. Water-pipe smoking has become an increasing problem not only in Middle Eastern countries but also globally as it is considered by users as being safer than cigarettes. The presence of high levels of toxic substances in water-pipe smoke may be predisposing factors that enhance the incidence of pulmonary disorders in water-pipe smokers. For example, uncontrolled macropinocytosis occurs in alveolar epithelial cells following exposure to water-pipe smoke, which may predispose individuals to pulmonary infection. In this work, we studied the effects of water-pipe condense (WPC) on the internalization of Mycobacterium bovis (bacillus Calmette-Guérin [BCG]) by macropinocytosis in Type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549). METHODS: A549 cells were treated by WPC (4mg/mL) for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, respectively. The effect on cell proliferation was studied using a methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Cells were exposed to fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (1mg/mL; control) and FITC-BCG (multiplicity of infection, 10) for 20min at 37°C before their collection and the uptake of BCG-FITC was determined by flow cytometry. Similar experiments were performed at 4°C as a control. RESULTS: WPC (4mg/mL) after 72h (1.4±0.2-fold, p<0.05) and 96h (1.6±0.2-fold, p<0.05) hours increased the uptake of BCG-FITC. No effect on BCG-FITC uptake was observed at 24h or 48h. WPC also significantly increased the uptake of FITC-dextran (2.9±0.3-fold, p<0.05) after 96h. WPC also significantly decreased cell proliferation after 24h (84±2%), 48h (78±3%), 72h (64±2%, p<0.05), and 96h (45±2%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: WPC exposure increased epithelial cells' permeability and death and enhanced their capacity for macropinocytosis. Our in vitro data suggest possible harmful effects of WPC on the ability of lung epithelial cells to phagocytose mycobacteria. Further studies will be conducted to understand the mechanism of action of WPC.
Date Issued
2016-11-11
Date Acceptance
2016-09-20
Citation
International Journal of Mycobacteriology, 2016, 5 (Supplement 1), pp.S157-S158
ISSN
2212-554X
Publisher
Elsevier
Start Page
S157
End Page
S158
Journal / Book Title
International Journal of Mycobacteriology
Volume
5
Issue
Supplement 1
Copyright Statement
© 2016 The Author(s). This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
Sponsor
Wellcome Trust
Identifier
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28043524
PII: S2212-5531(16)30173-X
Grant Number
093080/Z/10/Z
Subjects
Endocytosis activity
Type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549)
Water pipe
Publication Status
Published
Coverage Spatial
Netherlands